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Recently, both embryonic stetn cells and mesenchymal stem cells have been demonstrated to have immunosuppressive effects. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the embryonic stem cells and/or mesenchymal stem cells modulate both primary and secondary alloimmune responses. Both stem cells suppressed in vftro proliferation and cytokine production in primary alloimmune responses. They also suppressed in vitro proliferation and cytokine production of the allosensicized CD44 * memory T cells. However, they failed to prolong skin graft survival across both A major mismatch barrier (BALB/C. C57BL6/J) and a minor mismatch barrier (male to female). In conclusion, both embryonic slem cells and mcsenchymal stem cells can suppress secondary alloimmune response in vitro as welt as primary alloimniune responses; however, neither embryonic stem cells nor mesenchymal stem cells suppressed ailograft rejection in stringent murine skin transplantation models.
